En este artículo se analiza el concepto de vida presente en la ética de Epicucro, especialmente en la Carta a Meneceo, poniéndolo en relación con su doctrina sobre la felicidad. Epicuro entiende la vida como una sucesión de instantes sentidos, y este concepto de vida se desarrolla de acuerdo con una noción de muerte. Este artículo analiza algunos problemas filosóficos que acarrea este modelo centrándose en sus nociones filosóficas de vida, placer, muerte y felicidad, de cara a mostrar si su (...) hedonismo es motivacional o única-mente étic. (shrink)

Evolution and Story: Beyond Neo-Darwinism and Intelligent Design This article analyses evolution from a philosophical perspective, contrasting the problems raised by both Neo-Darwinism and Intelligent Design theory. First, I discuss some of the problems that Synthetic theory presents from a scientific point of view, as well as the philosophical problems involved in the Neo-Darwinism of Dawkins, Dennett, Monod and Ruse. I argue that Neo-Darwinism, although presented as a scientific doctrine, is in fact fundamentally philosophical, and presents some important problems that (...) make it difficult to believe. On the other hand, I discuss the scope of intelligent design as a philosophical stance on the evolution of living beings, showing its problems. Finally, I propose a credible philosophical account of evolution that seeks to go beyond a scientific reading of the data of experience. (shrink)

Aunque el propio Bergson llegó a afirmar que no siempre había manejado una misma noción de tiempo en cada una de sus obras, en este artículo pretendo reconstruir la filosofía bergsoniana del tiempo y tratar de demostrar que hay una concepción unitaria de la _durée_, solo que desde diversas perspectivas. Un examen atento de algunos pasajes clave de sus obras nos muestra que en Bergson hay una progresiva profundización en la noción de tiempo, que comienza por la duración en la (...) conciencia y culmina en el tiempo del universo. De este modo, Bergson no psicologiza el tiempo, sino que más bien “temporaliza” el mundo y la conciencia. (shrink)

Wittgenstein y Apel pretendieron definir el constitutivo formal del sujeto intérprete del lenguaje a partir de las propuestas de Frege o de Peirce, pero en ambos casos sus propuestas se acabaron volviendo paradójicas. Primero, Wittgenstein por no poder fundamentarlo ni de un modo crítico-transcendental a partir de una noción de “yo” metafísico ni de unos juegos del lenguaje en sí mismos conductistas que tampoco permiten remitirse a unos signos intérprete, al modo exigido por Frege. De todos modos, posteriormente, Apel habría (...) propuesto evitar estas paradojas mediante una interpretación pragmático-transcendental del sujeto intérprete a partir de Peirce, aunque finalmente comprobaría como también se acabarían fomentando el mismo tipo de paradojas. Wittgenstein and Apel sought to define the formal constitutive of the language interpreter subject based on the Frege or Peirce proposals, but in both cases their proposals ended up becoming paradoxical. First, Wittgenstein for not being able to ground it in a critical-transcendental way based on a notion of metaphysical "I" nor on behavioral language games in themselves that also do not allow to refer to some interpreter signs, in the way demanded by Frege. Anyway, later, Apel would have proposed to avoid these paradoxes by means of a pragmatic-transcendental interpretation of the interpreting subject starting from Peirce, although finally it would prove how the same type of paradoxes would also be fostered. (shrink)

In this article I will focus on the debate on the causality principle that originated in the light of quantum mechanics concerning Moritz Schlick and Karl Popper. The discovery of quantum mechanics led to a broad debate on the interpretation of the principle of causality. Schlick proposed that it should be understood as an empirically verifiable postulate, and therefore with limits regarding causal indeterminacy in quantum physics. This approach had an influence on some scientists, especially Werner Heisenberg. However, Popper would (...) develop a different way of understanding science because of the role played by unverifiable elements in theories that can nevertheless be falsified. It is precisely the discussion around the principle of causality that opens up different ways of understanding science. I will first try to analyse Schlick’s argument in the context of the debate that was taking place in the late 1920s in the light of the new quantum mechanics; secondly, I will look at the reception that Schlick’s idea of causality had in Heisenberg and the Copenhagen Interpretation; thirdly, I will analyse Popper’s argument against Schlick’s interpretation; finally, I will try to see the resonances of this debate in Heisenberg and other physicists. (shrink)

In this article, the author presents the interpretation of Juan Cruz Cruz, according to whom the philosophy of subjectivity of the later Fichte succeeded in overcoming the errors of the subjective idealism of his youthful period, and which was the only part of Fichte’s philosophy that Hegel knew. For this reason, following Pareyson, Dr. Cruz claims that today we are better prepared to understand the strictly logological character of Fichte’s doctrine of science, understood as a science of (...) science, which at the same time reflects on the ultimate indemonstrable principles of any reflective process of rational self-justification. (shrink)

In this article I will focus on the debate on the causality principle that originated in the light of quantum mechanics concerning Moritz Schlick and Karl Popper. The discovery of quantum mechanics led to a broad debate on the interpretation of the principle of causality. Schlick proposed that it should be understood as an empirically verifiable postulate, and therefore with limits regarding causal indeterminacy in quantum physics. This approach had an influence on some scientists, especially Werner Heisenberg. However, Popper would (...) develop a different way of understanding science because of the role played by unverifiable elements in theories that can nevertheless be falsified. It is precisely the discussion around the principle of causality that opens up different ways of understanding science. I will first try to analyse Schlick’s argument in the context of the debate that was taking place in the late 1920s in the light of the new quantum mechanics; secondly, I will look at the reception that Schlick’s idea of causality had in Heisenberg and the Copenhagen Interpretation; thirdly, I will analyse Popper’s argument against Schlick’s interpretation; finally, I will try to see the resonances of this debate in Heisenberg and other physicists. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to examine how the Greek motto γνῶθι σεαυτόν plays a central role in Plato’s philosophy in order to show how ethics and knowledge go hand in hand in his model of παιδεία. The question of self-knowledge is a practical and theoretical task in life which is developed implicitly in his dialogues, it is for this reason that i examine some passages of the Charmides, Alcibiades I, Phaedo and Republic in order to show how Plato (...) discovers the human interiority and how self-knowledge is refined and articulated with the tripartition of the soul in the Republic. (shrink)

A partir de una investigación sobre los Consejos Asesores Presidenciales en el Gobierno de Michelle Bachelet, se desarrolla un marco teórico sobre movimientos sociales y las llamadas formas subpolíticas, que permite ver cómo el movimiento estudiantil secundario de 2006 desafió el enclave educacional y el tipo de respuesta que un gobierno que buscaba un sello ciudadano, dio a través de la formación de un Consejo Asesor con participación de diversos sectores. El análisis de los debates en el seno de ese (...) Consejo muestra las diversas posiciones en juego y también la imposibilidad de llegar a acuerdos de trasformación profunda. (shrink)

To survive and be successful in today's setting of globalisation and complexity, companies are obliged to think in wider strategic terms, developing active and enterprising strategies that include social, political and ecological elements, besides the economic ones. The analysis of the relationship between companies and society is especially interesting when these companies operate in international markets. Countries demand that large corporations contribute to local, regional and national development in such a way that their resources are exchanged for a significant increase (...) in their citizens' quality of life. Faced with that fact, the aim of this work is to establish what actions the subsidiaries will take in order to offer a response to the needs of their stakeholders in the host countries. Secondly, we attempt to identify the factors explaining the different levels of social response of the subsidiaries established in a particular country by different parent companies. The empirical study was carried out on a sample of Spanish subsidiaries in the two manufacturing industries with most foreign investment (the chemical and automobile industries) and the results obtained both confirmed the validity of the tool used to measure social response and permitted us to determine which factors influence the institutionalisation of social responsiveness. (shrink)

La autora nos ubica en las discusiones más recientes de la filosofía política y de la ética. Su objetivo es plantear la posibilidad de encontrar una interrelación entre ambas sin que ello suponga un retorno a las ideas aristotélicas.

Evaluating the Knowledge and Practice of Limitation of Therapeutic Effort in Health Workers at a Health Care Institution for Cancer Patients in Medellín, 2018Avaliação do conhecimento e da prática da limitação de esforço terapêutico em equipe de atendimento de uma instituição prestadora de serviços de saúde para pacientes oncológicos de Medellín, 2018Limitation of therapeutic effort is any action that involves suspending or not initiating medical treatment or therapeutic measures in patients who will not receive any clinical benefit. In Latin America, (...) some research has proven a lack of familiarization and disagreement with the subject and its practices. The present study tried to objectify the knowledge of LTE of healthcare personnel at an institute in Medellín using a self-administered survey that allowed conducting a cross-sectional descriptive study with non-probabilistic sampling. Within the results, 56.5 % of respondents understood the concept of LTE, and 90 % applied it actively. However, there were discrepancies regarding the core concepts of the definition and practice.Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigoVallejo LI, Palacio AM, Marulanda V, Restrepo A, Yepes LA, Valencia NL, Cruz MA. Evaluación del conocimiento y práctica de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en personal asistencial de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud para pacientes oncológicos de Medellín, 2018. 2020;24:177-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.2.5Recibido: 19/07/2019Aceptado: 08/08/2020Publicado: 27/11/2020. (shrink)

In this article the continuity between two types of late medieval and Renaissance narrative is approached, although they are separated by around 200 years and belong to different literary genres. The first part of the article analyses the genre of autobiography, the experience of shared environment in urban settings, and the difficulties of its survival in a Renaissance monarchy, as shown in Sem Tob de Carrión's Proverbs and in Lazarillo de Tormes. The second part analyses the ethical principles that, according (...) to the Sem Tob Carrión's Proverbs, justified the formulation of a legal complaint against the monarch; and it analyses the degree of moral responsibility contracted by the characters of Lazarillo de Tormes in the genesis of the scandalous ethical case in which they are involved. (shrink)

Anscombe y Llano pretendieron definir el constitutivo formal de la persona a partir de las propuestas de Wittgenstein o de éste conjuntamente con Apel. Sin embargo para ello primero tuvieron que evitar las paradojas que se originaron entonces, ya sea recuperando la noción de sujeto intérprete del correspondiente silogismo práctico aristotélico, ya sea revisando el uso que Wittgenstein y Apel habían hecho de sus respectivas teorías fregeanas del significado. En cualquier caso Anscombe definiría a la persona como un “signo interprete” (...) intencional de ella misma, mientras que Llano añadiría que se trata específicamente de un “signo formal” de naturaleza intencional. (shrink)

Se reconstruye el modo como Anscombe y Llano rehabilitaron la noción de persona después de la transformación conceptual ocurrida en la filosofía, ya se postulara a partir de las propuestas fregeanas de Wittgenstein o a partir de la revisión pragmatista llevada a cabo por Apel. Con este fin se revisó el posible papel del silogismo práctico en la superación de las paradojas que entonces se originaron, así como en la desactivación del distanciamiento crítico que Wittgenstein y Apel habían mantenido con (...) la noción fregeana de concepto formal. En cualquier caso Anscombe concibió la transformación conceptual de la filosofía como una rehabilitación personalista de un realismo intencional de carácter práctico, mientras que Llano añadiría que se debería otorgar a esta rehabilitación personalista un alcance intencional metafísico. (shrink)

Today Habermas and Apel represent two opposite position in the debate of the fate of democracy in the European Union: the deliberative democracy, based in a utopia of dominion free community and the theory institutional of complementary participation in public decision, based in a discursive ethics of common responsibility, that also is defended in the conclusion.